Women s Influence On Women - 917 Words

There was a saying that â€Å"Behind every great man there is an even greater woman,† but that was not always the case for some of the literatures we have been reading. In some of the literatures, when a woman stood behind a man she was often viewed as substandard to the man in front. Women were not portrayed as a great shero, but rather as an object. They were expected to be obedient and faithful to their husband even if the husband was not. If any women were to raise an objection toward the men, then she would be considered disloyal and an outcast. Therefore, women were either viewed as inferior to men and were used for empowering men or as a sly and evil woman that would bring harm to those who done her wrong. In some of the literature we have been reading and discussing, women were portrayed as one of the following: a sex-object, a child-bearing tool, a great calamity, or a whore as viewed in a double standard view. The women in the Arabian Nights and the Epic of Gilgamesh were all viewed in a sexual way. Some were viewed as a sex-object used to satisfy one’s lust. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the women were used to satisfy Gilgamesh’s sexual desire. Gilgamesh’s lust left no virgin in the city of Uruk (62). Women were not only described as an object to satisfy men, but they were also viewed as an object used to control men. The Harlot in the Epic of Gilgamesh was portrayed as a tool, rather than a person, that was used to controlled Enkidu. It was Gilgamesh, who told theShow MoreRelatedWomen s Influence On Women1288 Words   |  6 Pagespeople perceive women. Society in the 1900s to today has made makeup a necessity for a woman to be considered feminine. Cosmetics were first used in America in 1888 by an unknown inventor from Philadelphia, and were trademarked under the name Mumm. During the early years of the 20th century, makeup became fashionable in the United States of America and Europe owing to the influence of ballet and the atre stars (Chaudhri and Jain 2.) Makeup began to flourish in America in the 1930s. Women used the mostRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women846 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent times, which influenced a new worldview. During the 1960s, the liberation movement pushed for egalitarianism for women. This movement really made an impact on woman. Women started to rebel against the normal sexual traditions. Additionally, women started to shy away from their traditional roles in the home. It is not uncommon now for women and men to share household duties. Women also uphold demanding jobs and profession in society now. These multiple roles affect the woman in many ways. For instanceRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women1004 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertising has been around since the 1850’s when Volney B. Palmer opened the first advertising agency in Philadelphia. From the beginning of this era, these ads have aided many businesses in promoting their products to the public but they don’t only promote these specific products. These advertisements promote what are thought to be social â€Å"norms† for women. They sell ideals for family, work, love, and the success that women are allowed to have. With all of this, they aim to communicate how a womanRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women2148 Words   |  9 Pageseveryone but unfortunately that is not the case. Pressures make women believe that they are not considered beautiful if they do not have magazine model bodies or they don’t have the face structure of a celebrity or they do something different than the norm with their hair or they are too short. It really is not a wonder why women struggle to feel pretty every day. False impressions are being put in the minds of youth and public by media that women just can’t live up to and shouldn’t have to. It all startsRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesQuestion: â€Å"Women received the vote based on their contribu tion to the war effort†. How accurate is this view that women gained the vote based solely on war work? 20 marks Attitudes towards women in 1900 were very different from attitudes today. In 1900 women’s personality traits were traditionally that they were emotional, untruthful immature, and so they were seen unfit and unworthy of the vote by men at that time. Many historians argue that there were many factors which led women to receivingRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women1084 Words   |  5 Pagesthe lives of slave women during slavery in the Caribbean and the Southern parts of the USA. According to Deborah Gray White women has lost their identity, because the history of women has been based off of myth rather than the history of women (ar’n’t I a woman page 3). History is supposed to give people a clearly look into their past, but women believe that they have to prove their women hood; although, many women has proven this during slavery and all of their hard ships, women are still lookingRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1920s, â₠¬Ëœ30s, and ‘40s, women were making extreme social progress. They were starting to wear more revealing clothing, cutting their hair shorter, and generally becoming more respected in society. When the 1950’s came, however, women seemed to backtrack. The ‘50s housewife is a common stereotype associated with these times because of the rapid increase of ‘stay at home’ mothers. It was now the women’s job to stay at home and clean, cook, and watch the children when the husband was at workRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women1167 Words   |  5 PagesA notion of women have changed through encounter of various European people. Before that, they have their original culture, especially women role in the society was characteristic among mid-seventeenth centry to eighteen century. At the beginning of the book, the author Gunlong Fur shows that women had important role in the Native American society of Lenape. Firstly, they had responsibility of cultivating food, like corn and other vegetables. At this point, women knew when they should sow seeds byRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women997 Words   |  4 PagesOn a regularly basis women are judged for their appearance everywhere they may go. Whether it is by other woman or men, there are always negative remarks said about women. This is usually the reason why woman chose to wear make, to feel better about themselves during every occasion and enhance and array the beauty they already have. Of course, it is not necessary for woman to wear, but woman still do it because it makes them feel better. It is a form of great art used to elevate the beauty each womanRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthat when a women desires something, no one can stop her.† Individuals, scholars, and groups concerned with human rights and feminism, often criticize Islam over the treatment of their women. Westerners, such as form er first lady, Laura Bush, began a social political crusade in the name of â€Å"saving Muslim women† from â€Å"deliberate human cruelty.† In literature, they were depicted as stubborn, unfaithful, fragile, whose actions were based on the fear of the male figure. In everyday life, women are faced

The Drawbacks of Craving Wealth in The Necklace, by Guy de...

â€Å"The Necklace,† by Guy de Maupassant, is set in old-age France, at that time wealth is very important, and social class was even more. France that time was a city ruled by classicism, where one had to be introduced into society no matter, their beauty, income, or grace. The story is about a young and beautiful middle class woman who wanted to be a part of the upper-class society through her husband and her rich friend but ends up destroying her life in vain. One day she received an invitation to a ball, she buys a new dress and borrows a necklace from her friend, and after the ball she found out that she had lost the necklace. She is not able to admit the error to the friend who lent it, so she borrowed monies from friends, family and loan sharks to buy a matching replacement. While spending 10 years in poverty, toiling to repay the debt of replacing the necklace, she bumped into an old friend and found out that the necklace was costume jewelry. The main character in the story, Mathilde Loisel, was very unsure of herself. She did not accept her existence, she believes that the she has is a â€Å"mistake of destiny† that leads her to live her life in a constant rebellion against her circumstances. She felt cursed to have such beauty and grace with no class to go with it. She has been finicky. She is so unsatisfied that she is virtually oblivious of everything but the wealth she does not have. She did not realize the fact that she has a comfortable life and a loving husband. She is

Integrated Marketing Communication of TCB Security Elite Australia

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Marketing Communication of TCB Security Elite Australia. Answer: Introduction: The report will describe the different aspects of the integratedmarketing campaign of the company along with the final positioning strategy and objectives value proposition. The company chosen in the report is TCB Security Elite in Australia. The company is specialised in providing services related to the different types of security services to institutions. The final positioning strategy that is to be selected in the report is We will help to serve you better in the security services. The value propositions of themarketing campaigns are to be followed in every step along with the value proposition in different operational department of the country. The objectives and goals of the company are to integrate with the different steps and aspects of the marketing campaigns. Certain goals are to be formulated so that the integrated marketing campaign elements are to be chosen in order to fulfil the goals. The goals are to increase the sales of the company along with the increase in the co nsumer awareness and brand reputation in the minds of the target consumers. Overview of the creative elements: Integrated marketing communication for TCB Security Elite is defined as the expansion of the existing marketing strategies of the company in order to optimise the modes of communication of the consistent message of the enterprise, while transferring it to the different stakeholders. The aim of the company is to involve the marketers of the company while identifying their boundaries around the creative mix of the integrated marketing communication mix (Thorson Moore, 2013). The elements of the promotional mix of TCB Security are to consider the different effectiveness of the marketing campaigns message. It can be said that security TCB Security Elite is a service based company, hence creativity in terms of providing services are important in order to attract more customers towards the company. The company works as a contractual agreement. The focus of the company while using integrated marketing communication is to maximize the brand impact on the minds of the consumers as well as mi nimise the cost of providing the services to the customers (Blakeman, 2014). It can be said that the creative elements that will be used to formulate the integrated marketing communication plan of the company in terms of sales promotion, advertising, personal selling, direct response marketing and public relations. The different media channels support the creative elements of the different marketing campaigns that are responsible for the building the brand identity in the different marketplace (Jackson et al., 2014). The promotional mix strategies that can be used by the firm are push strategies or pull strategies. In the perspective of the push strategies, trade promotion, sales promotion, direct response marketing, etc. In terms of pull strategy, consumer advertising, traditional marketing, etc. are used by the enterprise for the integrated marketing campaign (Schultz, Patti Kitchen, 2013). The creative elements of advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, direct response marketing, public relations, etc. are to be used in the marketing campaigns tha t are to be described in details in the report. Among the four creative elements of the marketing campaign, the marketers of TCB Security Elite, direct response marketing and public relations are to be more focused in order to increase the popularity of the company among the minds of the target customers in the country (Vernuccio Ceccotti, 2015). The marketing campaigns will use the elements of integrated marketing campaign in the promotional mix. It can be said that the creative elements all falls under the promotion part of the 4Ps of marketing mix of TCB Security Elite (Belch et al., 2014). The goal of the company is to improve the services along with the improvement of brand image in the target market. Public Relations techniques will be used in terms of using various traditional and digital media in terms of improving the content marketing of the website. The website of the TCB Security Elite will educate the customers and provide sufficient knowledge regarding the different s ervices such as security patrols, security guards, cash in transit, special event management, close personal protection, alarm monitoring, etc. The events of the marketing campaigns with the proper use of the different channels of media will help in the meeting the organizational goals as well as the marketing goals of the company in providing services to the target customers (Naeem, Bilal Naz, 2013). Overview of IMC program mix: The integrated program mix of the company consists of the promotional mix and the marketing mix respectively. The marketing mix of TCB Security Elite consists of seven Ps of service marketing. This aspect will be incorporated with the promotional mix i.e. the creative elements of the different integrated marketing campaigns. Price: The price of the services of the company should be made in a reasonable way so that the target customers can avail the service provided by the company. Penetration pricing is used by the company in order to tap the market of Australia (Brunello, 2013). Place: Place of TCB Security Elite is contributes of the different metropolitan areas of Australia. The places of conducting the integrated marketing campaign include the shopping malls, trade fairs, sponsorship in the companies, OOH services in different areas, etc (Luxton, Reid Mavondo, 2015). Product: Product or specialties of the company includes function guards, gatehouse services, security patrols, installation and response, close personal protection, Access or CCTV control, special event management, cash in transit, ATM services, security guards, etc (Gabrielli Baghi, 2016). Promotion: Promotional techniques of the services of TCB Security Elite use traditional advertising techniques in the campaign rather than digital techniques of marketing. This business is more focused on direct responsive marketing and sales promotion rather than the different modes of online promotional techniques. People: People of the company involve the persons who are responsible for providing high quality services to the customers of the country. The people will be responsible for satisfying the needs of the customers while identifying their latent demands (Dahl, Eagle Low, 2015). Process: Process refers to the different activities that are conducted by the marketers, senior management and the stakeholders of TCB Security Elite in order to deliver the service to the customers. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence of TCB Security Elite represents the tangible stores of the company where the customers can interact with the company personnel in order to buy the service or clearing any doubts related to it (Parente Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). Discussion of each Marketing Communication function: Marketing communication in a broad business refer to the method that is used by an organisation to promote their product or service (Argenti, 2015). There are six major marketing elements that help in achieving the overall marketing objectives of a particular organisation. The function of the same marketing communication elements can be stated below: Advertising: Advertisements in the traditional media like Television and newspaper shall be effective for marketing the service of the company. It has to be understood that the people who remain in the needs of security are basically the businessman, politicians and other VIPs. These people prefer gaining news from newspapers and news channels. Thus, if the advertisements are telecasted or are published in the print media, it can directly reach the particular target group of people (Lekhanya, 2015). Television advertisements are often designed in the form of a story and thus, it can easily portray a scenario that would tell about the necessity of security guards or security systems. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion is the process of persuading the potential group of customers to buy a particular product. The TCB Security Elite sells security related products. Thus, it is important to carry out sales promotion technique as well in order to market these products (Carroll, 2015). One of the major functions of the sales promotion is to create a buzz about the product and sell the same within a short time. It does not aims at building a long term loyalty or creating a huge customer base. This process could be effective for a naive company like TCB Security Elite. PR/ Publicity: When any kind of public relation activity is carried on, it helps to create a better image of the company among the consumers and in the society as well. Since TCB Security Elite is new in the market and there are already established big security companies in the market, it is of prime important to conduct PR activity or publicity in the region where it operates (Parente Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). For the same thing, the company can do charity or can donate some of their products to some government agencies that would act as a publicity stunt for the company. Personal Selling: Personal selling is the process where the company is responsible for selling the product themselves and they do not depend on others for the same purpose. Different approaches are often undertaken. Personal selling can be done by the means of direct selling from the website or by their personal sales executive (Kumar, 2016). This way a company saves lots of money by not selling the product directly to the consumers. TCB Security Elite can undertake this approach and sale their products directly to the target group of consumers without involving any middleman in the sales process. Direct Marketing: Direct marketing is the process where the promotion of the product is directly reached to the consumers. This type of marketing are carried on by the means of direct mailing or sending Messages to the personal numbers of the target group of people. This is a unique way because it helps to reach the particular target group of people directly (Dahl, Eagle Low, 2015). The chances of creating a buzz among the target group are more than the other forms of marketing. However, it requires the details of target group that might be difficult for conducting this method of marketing. Internet/Interactive marketing: This is a new media technique aimed at using the social media sites like the Facebook and Twitter to target the particular group of people and sell their products. This type of marketing is effective for those products that can target the users of these social networking sites (Lin, 2015). However, for the products like the security systems and bodyguards, this kind of marketing might not be the best option to be used. This kind of marketing requires continuous follow up in the marketing sites in order to create more number of followers on the particular sites. Outline of campaign evaluation: It is expected that the complete campaign would be based on direct selling or personal selling. In addition to this, the Company shall invest in the sponsorship as well. The proposed campaign for TCB Security Elite can be stated here. The campaign can take place for a period of 3 months. The main objective of the campaign is to portray that TCB Security Elite provides the best security solutions and the security guarantee to the customers. An advert should be designed that would portray a single message that when the consumer select their service, they can remain free from worries. TCB Security Elite is the only solution that would cure all worries of those who are concerned with their costly accessories and assets. The campaign shall include traditional marketing like Television advertisement, Outdoor marketing using hoarding, print advertisement in the newspaper and magazines and direct communication by the means of direct mails and direct calling. In addition to this, the campaign shall also include website marketing and blogging that would contain contents related to the security services (Fill Turnbull, 2016). The target group of people are the elite people of Australia mainly from Melbourne and Queensland. It is a common observation that the users of the manned security service would be the VIPs and the VVIPs and so in order target this group of people, direct marketing or website marketing would be the best option. In addition to this, the TCB Security Elite also deals with electronic gadgets and security services whose target group of consumers are the ones who want to take care of their costly accessories. Thus, they belongs to the upper class of the society. It is therefore recommende d that in order to target this group of people, search engine optimiser process would be the best suitable method. Recommendations: The advertisement campaign shall be focused on corporate advertising in order to create an impact on the particular group of people who are the elite class and the VIPs. Thus, the following are the recommended promotional types that the Organisation might select from: Advocacy advertisement: The aim is to promote a particular message to the target group. Thus, the kind of advertisements including print and outdoor advertisements should be designed in a way that it would portray the message that it is the best security company to provide best solution to their customers. Event sponsor: It is highly recommended that the organisation would consider sponsorship and would participate in major event sponsorships like any sports event or a marathon that shall portray the Companys image as a company associated with the security system. iii. Cause-related advertising: The Company can also partner with some non-profit organisations and shall carry out cause-related advertising as well. This way they can develop a better image of the company and can target the particular group of people as well. Content marketing: In order to target the mid aged group of people, between 25 and 40years old, internet and the searching options are the best way. Thus, it is recommended that the marketing shall also concentrate on the content marketing like blogs. In addition to this, the Company can also use the Twitter and Facebook for carrying out social media marketing. It can be said that it is very important for the organisation to carry out the marketing and promotional event on a regular basis in order to reach the maximum number of consumers. Thus, the recommended marketing and promotional and marketing method could be very effective if the same is undertaken properly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the integrated marketing communications of TCB Security Elite is to be formulated in a way so that the company can communicate with its target customers in order to increase the sales of the company. The company is responsible for increase in the brand image of the company in order to increase the consumer awareness among the target markets. Apart from that, it can be said that the report will explain the promotional mix of the services provided by TCB Security Elite in its target market of Australia. As the company is new to the market, hence the target is to increasing the consumer awareness. However, it can be said that the report will also describe the creative elements of the integrated marketing communication that are used by TCB Security Elite in their field of work in terms of increasing brand awareness. References: Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., Powell, I. (2014).Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. Blakeman, R. (2014).Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Brunello, A. (2013). The relationship between integrated marketing communication and brand equity.International Journal of Communication Research,3(1), 9. Carroll, C. E. (2015).The handbook of communication and corporate reputation(Vol. 49). John Wiley Sons. Dahl, S., Eagle, L., Low, D. (2015). Integrated marketing communications and social marketing: Together for the common good?.Journal of Social Marketing,5(3), 226-240. Fill, C., Turnbull, S. L. (2016).Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. Pearson. Gabrielli, V., Baghi, I. (2016). Online brand community within the integrated marketing communication system: When chocolate becomes seductive like a person.Journal of Marketing Communications,22(4), 385-402. Jackson, M., Harrison, P., Swinburn, B., Lawrence, M. (2014). Unhealthy food, integrated marketing communication and power: a critical analysis.Critical public health,24(4), 489-505. Kumar, J. S. (2016). A Study on the Performance and Outcome of Integrated Marketing Communication in the Apparel Retail Trade.Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities,6(9), 930-942. Lekhanya, L. M. (2015). The role of integrated marketing communications in enhancement of SMEs growth in South Africa.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,7(2), 139. Lin, M. C. (2015). The Impact of Applying Integrated Marketing Communications to Brand Image, Satisfaction, and Purchase Intention of Wanli Crab in New Taipei City. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), 37-46. Naeem, B., Bilal, M., Naz, U. (2013). Integrated marketing communication: a review paper.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,5(5), 124-133. Parente, D., Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K. (2014).Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Schultz, D., Patti, C. H., Kitchen, P. J. (2013).The evolution of integrated marketing communications: The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge. Thorson, E., Moore, J. (2013).Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Vernuccio, M., Ceccotti, F. (2015). Strategic and organisational challenges in the integrated marketing communication paradigm shift: A holistic vision.European Management Journal,33(6), 438-449.

Similarities between Marketing Research and Design Approaches

Introduction The definition of design usually depends on the field that the definition applies. This is not very strange given the differences in opinion regarding the fundamental components of design. Design as a function applies to the fashion industry as well as to the manufacturing industry. This function is also vital in the software industry as well as architecture. This explains why it is almost impossible to find a single definition for use across different fields.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities between Marketing Research and Design Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, design thinking is becoming the uniting thread that ties all the design approaches found in different fields. This refers to the approach, rather than the specific methods that designers use to develop design options. This paper explores the implications of design thinking to businesses. The fundament al inquiry that this paper deals with is whether marketers can benefit from design thinking. To achieve this, the paper examines design approaches and methods in order demonstrate their relevance to business. Design Approaches and Methods Design thinking is the overall philosophy that guides designers regardless of their fields. The first element of design thinking is that it focuses on people. The goal of design is to provide solution to various problems that people face. This means that any item that comes from a designer’s desk must meet the functional requirements needed to meet consumer needs. However, the designer must also think about how people will interact with the product. This aspect is called â€Å"emotional design†. Engineers use ergonomics to ensure that final designs are pleasant and suitable to use, while software designers use concept like intuitive design to make software products easy to use. The second element that governs design thinking is messag e. This concept arises from the realization that people interact with products, not just as functional items, but also as extensions of themselves. In this sense, people want products that feel right. People interact with products as an intimate part of their lives. The products send out a message about them to the wider community. For instance, the clothes people wear determine how people look at them. Designers must ensure that whatever they design sends out the message that the customers want. Lawyers want suits that project power and self-confidence, while musicians want attires that demand attention and brand them as musicians.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third element of design thinking is achieving balance between the art of design, and the science of design. The art of design refers to the freedom of thought, and the evaluation of possibilities in relation to a specific design process. The science of design ensures that the design options meet the constraints of a design project. Design thinking requires setting aside considerable time to explore the possibilities, and then subjecting these possibilities to extensive analysis to determine whether it is possible to turn them into real products. Design thinking is a disciplined process that has multiple manifestations. On one hand, engineering designers use linear thinking and iterated processes to develop products, while fashion designers tend to be free spirited. The level of linear thinking associated with design depends on the constraints associated with a design project. In engineering, the level of constraints is higher. Successful production of a design depends on the availability of materials that can meet the design specifications, and the existence of manufacturing processes for production. In other fields such as fashion design and fine art, constraints are fewer. This means th at the designers in these fields have more liberty to pursue intuitive designs. Design thinking, regardless of the field, required designers to posses both intuitive design skills, and linear design skills because they complement each other. An engineering designer with intuitive skills will produce use friendly products. For instance, the design of a gamepad requires a high level of intuitive thinking as well as linear thinking to ensure that the pad is easy to handle, and is functional. Implications of Design Approaches to Organizations, Managers, and Entrepreneurs Managers and entrepreneurs can learn a number of lessons from design thinking. Essentially, managers and entrepreneurs solve problems on a daily basis. Some of the problems require novel solutions because of their uniqueness. Other problems need innovative solutions because of their impact on the business. Entrepreneurs handle these situations more often because they usually have to develop the processes required to est ablish their businesses. Organizations also deal with various challenges that require attention. Design thinking can help them to deal with these problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities between Marketing Research and Design Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations, managers, and entrepreneurs can benefit from design thinking by making people their primary focus. Organizations exist to solve problems. These problems affect people. In this sense, a people centered approach to the development of solutions can help an organization to arrive at better solutions. In the case of managers, most of the problems they deal with concern their subordinates, and their customers. The design thinking implications for managers is that all solutions they arrive at should take into account the fact that they are dealing with people. For instance, solving problems associated with lateness for work re quires managers to find out whether employees who report late have other challenges such as small children, or unpredictable traffic, before creating rules. Similarly, entrepreneurs should always bear in mind that while their primary objective is to make profit, they must meet all the people-needs in their businesses to guarantee long-term success. The element of message in design thinking is very applicable to organizations, managers, and entrepreneurs. Organizations must ensure that everything they do communicate a consistent message to all stakeholders. The reason for this is that if an organization does not communicate a consistent message, stakeholders lose faith in the purpose of the organization. On the other hand, managers must also ensure that all the efforts they put in the management of their employees communicate the correct message to the employees. The message the manager should communicate is not the sloppiness of employees, if the problem lateness. This can damage th e working environment. Any measures adopted to curb lateness should communicate the exact problem. In the case of entrepreneurs, the challenge is even greater because of the variety of stakeholders. The balance between the art of design and the science thereof is also very vital for organizations, managers, and entrepreneurs. With growth, organizations tend to drift towards rigid processes that result in bureaucratic tendencies. This often stifles innovation and slows down decision-making. In other words, too much reliance on linear thinking can results in a monolithic structure that is unresponsive to environmental stimuli. Organizations must allow a healthy coexistence of structured processes, and unstructured initiatives especially in segments that have high growth potential. For managers, the difference between the science and the art of design is the degree of reliance on proven theories and operating procedures checked against the need for flexibility in decision-making.Advert ising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The willingness to institute flextime policies to help curb lateness is a good example of this balance if some employees can have manageable schedules by either reporting later or earlier for work. Entrepreneurs on the other hand tend to be intuitive. Many of them will thrive on the art side of design, at the cost of the science side. There is need to institute systems necessary for running the business. For instance, entrepreneurs should have predictable financial systems that allow them to receive payments and pay suppliers with ease. Successful businesses are contingent on strong financial management. Shaping Personal Approach to Learning, Knowledge and Design The discussion presented above illustrates how design thinking can help to strengthen other areas of business. While the second section deals with the possibilities presented by design thinking to the running of the organizations, they equally apply to marketing. In short, marketing deals with people just like the design pr ocess. All marketing efforts must focus on the people who are likely to buy a product. This fact demonstrates the need to look at design as a possible source of learning for marketing students. In particular, every marketing student needs to learn about people. On the issue of message, the relationship between design and marketing is very close. Marketers are very keen on the message that they put across to potential clients. In fact, marketers frame the language that an organization uses to market its products. This is a very intimate connection with design thinking because message is also a fundamental part of design thinking. The implication for marketing student and learners is that it is beneficial to understand the message the designers of a product or process intended to communicate when they designed the product. This can help a marketer to market the product more effectively. It also means that marketing practitioners need to pay attention to designers because designers inf use messages into products that marketers send to consumers. Collaboration can only improve the efficiency of marketing. Design thinking abhors constraints and promotes possibilities. The use of design thinking relegates the evaluation of ideas based on constraints to a later stage. In current marketing practice, the development of marketing strategies starts with the consideration of constraints. Marketing managers start by looking at the marketing budget, and the size of the marketing team. The application of design thinking to marketing means that marketers should evaluate the actual marketing needs, and consider how best to meet these needs, before considering the constraints. The reality is that many companies have very strict budgets. Budgets are however justified by the results. If a higher marketing budget results in a more effective marketing campaign, then it is naà ¯ve to limit marketing efforts to constraints. Conclusion It is clear that marketers can benefit from desig n thinking. In fact, design thinking is a welcome dimension in the operations of organizations as well as the work of managers and entrepreneurs. The main benefits that marketers can get from design thinking include the opportunity to focus on opportunities rather than constraints. Secondly, design thinking can help to improve the process of developing a marketing message. The third benefit is that design thinking can help marketers to perpetuate people-centered marketing. Reference List Brown, T 2009, Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations and Inspires Innovation, Harper Collins, New York, NY. Ferrell, OC Hartline, MD 2008, Marketing Strategy, Cengage Learning, New York, NY. Liedtka, J Ogilvie, T 2011, Designing for Growth: A Design Thinking Tool Kit for Managers, Columbia University Press, New York, NY. Martin, RL 2009, The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA. Robert, GB 2007, Bring ing User Experience to Healthcare Improvement: The Concepts, Methods and Practices of Experience-based Design, Radcliffe Publishing, Oxon. Verganti, R 2009, Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean, Harvard Business Publishing, Boston, MA. This essay on Similarities between Marketing Research and Design Approaches was written and submitted by user Tomas Robinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Like Water for Chocolate Movie Review Sample

Like Water for Chocolate Movie Review Sample Like Water for Chocolate Movie Analysis Essay Like Water for Chocolate Movie Analysis Essay Like Water for Chocolate is a movie based on a novel written by a Mexican novelist Laura Esquivel. The novel is also titled Like Water for Chocolate. The movie was produced and directed by Alphonso Arau. It is based on the serious political, social and moral issues in its time. They are still very much relevant to date. Its production is at the time when the traditions of the Mexican culture required the youngest daughter to cater for her mother until her demise. Because of the traditions, a young girl, Tita, is not allowed to get married. This is a source of the battle between the protagonist Tita looking for her true love and freedom away from her mother, Mama Elena, who is a main antagonist. The movie uses Tata’s love for cooking and her kitchen recipes to develop its structure. Traditions forbid Tita from marrying since she is Elena’s youngest daughter (Esquivel, 1992). This is because the youngest daughter is assigned the role of taking care of her aged mother. It is assumed that marriage may impair her ability to look after her mother. Pedro, Tita’s love, approaches Elena for her daughter’s hand for marriage. However, Elena rebuffs the request and instead offers him, Rosaura, Tita’s elder sister. Pedro agrees to marry Rosaura but later admits his true intention of doing so in order to be closer to Tita. He thinks that is the only way to maintain her proximity to Tita. Pedro agrees to live with Rosaura on the ranch, therefore, bringing him closer to Tita. Tita’s magical recipe is witnessed as she prepares a meal with rose petals she has received from Pedro. This sends Tita’s sister, Gertrude, into a lustful state; and she ends up eloping with a revolution soldier. Such intense images of fire in the novel are used to portray strong emotions. The novel’s title suggests that water should be heated to the boiling point before hot chocolate can be made from it. However, in the movie, this heat is used to symbolize strong emotions that cannot be contained. This is evident when Gertrude elopes. It is also manifested in Pedro’s gaze at Tita when being in the shower and on his death. The movie also centers the viewers’ attention on some issues affecting the roles and lifestyles of women in this society but from a feminine point of view. Women are confined to their traditional household chores, while men are hardly present. This can perhaps be explained by the men’s engagement in the ongoing war. Women are depicted as prisoners of cultural shackles. These cultural limits are ironically inflicted upon them by their fellow women. This is well illustrated when Tita is denied her marriage to Pedro. Pedro and Rosaura wed; and Nacha, the maid and Tita had to bear the burden of all the preparations. Elena has warned Tita not to ruin the wedding. She and Nacha finally have lost it in the kitchen and ended up weeping. Tita makes a cake soggy with her tears. Later Tita has a run in with Pedro in the garden. He tries to explain himself to her, but he is unsuccessful. Despite Tita’s relationship with Pedro being a painfully kept secret, Elena insists she must attend her sister’s wedding. Pedro takes an advantage of this and confesses to her his true intentions of marrying Rosaura. Immediately after eating the cake, everybody becomes melancholic and soon starts having heartaches and vomiting, thus, ruining the wedding. Elena accuses Tita of intentionally poisoning guests; and when she is almost beating her up, she is informed of Nacha’s death from the heartbreak. She suffers as a result of tasting the cake. Tita’s hallucinations before the wedding are outward manifestations of her heartache (Esquivel, 1993). She focuses on the whiteness of the wedding cake and the wedding dress, which is meant to show the purity of her emotions in contrast to the impure union between Pedro and Rosaura. Here, we see how a mere expression of Tita’s sadness is amplified as shown by the effects of the cake. The wedding proceeds but the wedding dress ends up ruined due to vomiting. This scene casts the union of Pedro and Rosaura as impure. That it was not meant to be. Nacha’s death leaves Tita as a head cook with no confidant. Pedro presents her with a bunch of roses, which she is ordered to throw out but decides to prepare a sauce with them. This meal serves to communicate their illicit love that culminates into Gertrude being filled with the intense lust. This portrays the female sexuality within the movie. Tita contains her passion, but Gertrude expresses her sexuality openly as shown in the shower. Rosaura is pregnant with Pedro’s child. She is helped to deliver the baby by Tita. Rosaura is unable to produce milk. Therefore, the responsibility of taking care for young Roberto is left to Tita. Her compassion for Roberto enables her to lactate and breastfeed the kid. The meeting between Tita and Pedro in the kitchen transforms her to an experienced woman without having to touch her. Pedro’s staring transforms her into the woman as she passively lets her clothes fall so that he can clearly view her breasts. In the movie, she exposes her sexuality more passively, and this is an only bold action she takes so far. She breastfeeds the child she has never given birth to. This is a symbol of the mother’s love while the act of exposing her breasts to Pedro gives the perception similar to her offering herself as though she has never served food. The erotic bonding between them in the kitchen enables Tita to come to the age sexually and, thus, to produce milk like a truly pregnant woman. Breastfeeding Roberto creates an even stronger bond between Tita and Pedro. Their desire is channeled through the young kid. Elena senses something going on between these two ones and with an excuse of seeking a better medication for Rosaura, she has Pedro, Rosaura and Roberto move to San Antonio. This crushes Tita. Roberto dies in San Antonio. Elena does not want anyone to mourn, but Tita accuses her of killing the child as she could feed him with her breast milk. Elena strikes her with a wooden spoon and Tita goes into a catatonic state in her dove-coat. Elena orders that Tita be taken to an asylum. She is covered in a bedspread she has been crocheting in her time of sorrow which is now almost a kilometer long. The length of the crocheted bedspread signifies how much grief Tita is experiencing due to her love for Pedro. Tita, for the first time, confronts Elena and asserts her beliefs, though Elena fights back by hitting her with the spoon. By lying naked in the dove coat covered in bird droppings, she shows that her body is merely a source of pain and no longer of pleasure (Russel, 2012). Tita grows closer to Dr.John while recovering in his house, though she remains silent. He teaches her how to make matches and explains that there is the fire within everyone; and how this fire must be protected. This is the first time Tita is moved away from the ranch. She realizes she also has matches inside her but cannot light that inner fire because whenever she tried her match was put off by someone. A visit by Chencha from De La Garza ranch with an ox-tail soup restores Tita’s stability. This is the first recipe she can remember since becoming sick. Tita also learns that Gertrude now works in a brothel. She sends Chencha back with the news to Elena that she will not return to the ranch. She opts to start a new life with Dr.John, who has proposed the marriage to her. Before delivering the news to Elena, the ranch is attacked by bandits; and Chencha is raped. Elena becomes paraplegic. Tita is forced to go back to the ranch to take care of the duo. Elena refuses of Tita’s food believing it to be poisoned. She only takes food prepared by Chencha. While Chencha is away, Tita prepares food for Elena. Unfortunately, Elena fires Chencha for not being around to cook her food. With Chencha gone, Tita resumes her normal duty of cooking for Elena. Within a month, Elena finally dies. Tita discovers a small key that belongs to Elena in the course of the funeral. The key opens a small box that contains secrets to Elena’s love life. Tita learns that Elena was once in a forbidden relationship with a mulatto who Elena had apparently planned to elope with. The man ended up getting murdered. She was, thus, forced into a loveless marriage with Tita’s father. The injury inflicted on Elena and the rape of Chencha reduces the two women to mere objects of a male abuse. Elena’s vulnerability is exposed with the absence of Tita, who is the customary target of her frustrations. Upon Tita’s return, Elena tries to assert her authority on her once more. This is an attempt to counter Tita’s new found freedom with Dr. John. Refusing Tita’s healing food is the last known way she employs as she desperately seeks to keep hold of her daughter. Poisoning herself in the attempt to counteract Tita’s healing food can be symbolic to her many years of living bitterly. Tita’s maturity is exhibited when she is willing to overlook Elena’s cruelty towards her. This is after learning Elena’s uneventful love life. In addition, she realizes that there is also someone else who had loved against the will of others. Consequently, Tita resolves to continue pursuing her love. Pedro and Rosaura have a second child; this time, this is a girl. They name her Esperanza after Tita refuses the child to be named after her. Rosaura cannot have any more children; and, thus, Esperanza is her youngest daughter by default. Tita is closely involved in raising the young girl. This makes Rosaura very jealous. Rosaura admits to Tita’s worst fears by announcing that she will not allow Esperanza to marry. She is filled with rage that can be referred to as â€Å"like water for chocolate†, the term used when water is brought to almost the boiling point before being used to prepare chocolate (Giannotti, 1999). Chencha returns to the ranch happily married. This frees Tita from the kitchen duties. She uses this relief to get prepared for John’s arrival. John asks for Tita’s hand in marriage since she is the head of the household; and she agrees albeit begrudgingly. John later leaves to bring his only living aunt from America for the wedding ceremony. Tita cleans the kitchen after dinner; and she is confronted by Pedro. He takes her to a small room used by Elena as a bathroom. There they make love, hence, breaking Titas virginity. This scene makes use of heat to bring out the strong violent emotions that are in conflict within Tita leading to her loss of virginity. The strong anger she feels towards Rosaura, coupled with confusions over John. He makes her aware of the fire inside her; and Pedro, who deflowers her, makes the situation unbearable for Tita. The phosphorous light that emanates from the room when they make love depicts the lack of Tita’s control over her emotions. Therefore, her sexuality can be described as an object of her lover’s desire. This shows that though she seeks to find the true love chances of this for the women of her time are very minimal. Tita fears she may be pregnant with Pedro’s child and may have to cancel her wedding. Rosaura seeks help from Tita concerning her weight; and this shows the power Tita wields over her due to Pedro’s lust for her. The food to Rosaura, unlike to Tita, is a source of reduced self-esteem. Tita sees Elena’s ghost cursing her child. This shows the power Elena wields over her even in death. The cursing shows Tita’s fear of getting pregnant with Pedro’s child and the backlash from the society. Gertrude returns to the ranch accompanied by her husband’s army. Pedro gets the news of Titas pregnancy. He is very happy about it. He even contemplates running away with Tita but the thought of leaving his young family holds him back. He decides to continue staying with his family. Tita’s sense of individuality finally banishes Elena’s ghost from her life. This gets rid of the pregnancy guilt; and her body is back to normal. However, Elena’s ghost unleashes its wrath on Pedro; and a fireball sets his entire body on fire. Pedro cries out, and when Rosaura comes out to comfort him, he chooses to be comforted by Tita instead. Tita’s ability to banish her mother shows she has broken away from the traditions imposed on her by her mother and the society, as a whole. She embraces the American concept of independence taught to her by John. By being able to make her pregnancy disappear, Tita has mastered her individuality. This contrasts with her earlier depictions as a nurturer. From this picture, it is shown that Tita thinks about the society’s perception. Therefore, this acts as a hindrance to her power over her own individuality. The termination of the pregnancy shows her new found control over her own body. Tita confronts Rosaura for ‘stealing her boyfriend’. This distinguishes their personalities; Tita is portrayed as a successful nurturer and Rosaura as a failed mother (Giannotti, 1999). Rosaura deflects the blame for her marriage to Pedro by referring to Tita as a loose woman. She vows never again to touch Pedro and lets him pursue Tita to fulfill his sexual desires. To her, sexuality is about shame and not desire or love. Later, John listens with understanding to Tita’s confession; and this portrays him as a wiser man than any other characters depicted in the novel. Many years have passed, and there is a wedding preparation for Esperanza and Alex, who happens to be John Brown’s son. Rosaura refuses to let her daughter marry, but she finally dies. Her wedding is not properly attended due to an unbearable stench. Her death enables her daughter to get married. Pedro and Tita are finally left alone in the ranch. They make love without any interference for the first time. She feels Pedro’s rapid heartbeat which finally ceases as he dies. She tries to spark the fire by consuming matches. When coming from their honeymoon, Esperanza and Alex find the ranch burnt down. The only thing left is Tita’s cookbook. The final act of passion ends up in the tragedy for Tita and Pedro. Pedro passes through the act of fire uninitiated, while Tita is taking an initiative to follow him there. Unlike before in their past erotic encounters, when Pedro was always active while Tita passive, this time she takes the initiative and lights up her inner fire in order to get to him. Alex’s and Esperanza’s wedding signals a new lease of life for the De La Garza’s family. Burning down the ranch signals doing away with the past traditions and shows the beginning of something new. Tita, though death, achieves what she had always fought for when she was still alive. The cookbook left behind contains the wisdom scattered throughout the movie. Esperanza and Alex can finally build their own legacy from their cross-cultural marriage that is free from sorrow.

How to Write a Strong Essay Introduction

How to Write a Strong Essay Introduction How to Write a Strong Essay Introduction A strong introduction grabs the reader’s attention and gets them hooked. When it comes to writing quality research papers and essays, a good introduction is essential. Its where you introduce your ideas and make them look intriguing. Think of it as a first impression to convince readers your work is worth reading. It’s the high-stakes section of the essay. When you write your essay, there’s plenty to do. First, you have to build your ideas and present your thesis statement. This gives the reader an idea of what you want to say and the point you want to make. Creating a good introduction is a priority when writing. Do it right, and readers will want to continue. Use these tips to master the process and make a compelling introduction to your main points. Hook your reader right away Your first sentence sets the tone for the entire essay. Take some time to make a compelling hook. There are different strategies available to hook your readers from the get-go. For example, you might introduce facts or statistics to demonstrate why your topic matters. For a historical essay, you could use an anecdote about your subject. You could ask a thought-provoking question. These approaches get the reader actively thinking about your theme. A good introduction is engaging. Make your reader think about your topic and how you will frame your arguments. Audiences are more likely to engage with the rest of your essay once you’ve got them thinking. Contextualize the topic Give your readers the information they will need to understand your essay. For example, you might define technical terms you will use, to bring readers up to speed, or introduce points you plan to bring up later. How much information you give depends on the length of the paper and the complexity of your ideas. Be specific; avoid overwhelming the reader with unnecessary detail. Save the details for the body and conclusion of the work. Keep in mind that your introduction gives an idea of what to expect from your essay as a whole. Start relatively broadly, then narrow the focus down to your thesis. Present relevant information When offering background for your hook (e.g. anecdotes or statistics), keep it relevant. If you are writing a biographical essay, an incident from childhood can be a charming way to engage the reader. However, if you’re writing a book report, a story about a friend who did not like it may not be relevant or useful. Stay focused; the object is to make things clearer to the reader. Keep your focus on the task at hand to avoid unnecessary detours. Offer a clear thesis statement One good rule for essay-writing is summarizing your main point with a thesis statement. In essence, a thesis statement summarizes your overall argument. A thesis for a literature essay might introduce your analysis of the author’s themes. Do not use your thesis statement to explain your position; save your arguments for the body, where you have space to express your ideas and proof in detail. Traditionally, many writers place thesis statements near the end of their introduction. While you can do that, it’s not a rule. You can put your thesis statement wherever you think it would be most effective. If you think it would be more appropriate to state your case at the outset, feel free. Summarize your essay After presenting your thesis statement, it’s a good idea to explain to the reader how you plan to prove it. Provide a quick summary of your main points and what you will have to say in the body. Keep your sentences simple and clear. Instead of discussing your supporting points, sum them up by stating â€Å"how† or â€Å"why† your theme is correct. For example, if your essay is a review of a book or movie, you might enumerate your critiques here. Keep it simple. The time for multi-syllable words and complex arguments comes later. The introduction is meant to be a prelude to the essay. For now, the summary helps your readers understand what you’re telling them and what your evidence is. Avoid cliches Avoid using cliches and generalizations. In most cases, they look unimaginative and unoriginal. For example, starting an essay with a flat definition can bore your reader. If you must define a term in your introduction, find a creative and engaging way to present the information. Avoid broad, sweeping generalizations (words like â€Å"always† or â€Å"everyone†). They may ring false with some readers and alienate them. One good example of cliches in action is the college entrance essay. The purpose of this kind of composition is to attract the attention of the adjudicator and separate yourself from other applicants in their mind. However, many writers fall into the trap of presenting the topic instead of exploring the purpose or theme of the essay. For instance, rather than describing a hardship that you overcame or a success that you achieved, use it as an opportunity for self-reflection. Explore how the event or individual affected you, and what you learned about yourself because of it. In an academic paper, it’s more important to introduce your main idea or theme and to lead readers into the essay. Present your idea as the clever hook that engages the reader. Make your point without overgeneralizing or giving away too much information. Write the intro last The introduction might be the opening part of your paper, but it doesn’t have to be the part you write first. If you’re having difficulty making it work, write the essay first, and then come back to the introduction. Some writers find it easier to write the body and their main points first. It can be easier to summarize the essay if you’ve already done most of the work earlier. You may also find it easier to write after giving yourself time to get used to the piece as a whole. Jot down notes for your introduction as you write. These notes can help inform how you write the introduction later. For example, you may find a term that you need to define at the beginning. Transition into the body Sometimes you can segue smoothly from the introduction and into the body. Other times you may need a transitional sentence to flow naturally into the rest of the essay. Test your essay after you finish to see how well it flows. Read the introduction and the first paragraph of the body out loud. If the transition feels awkward, add a bridge sentence to make the flow smoother. Ask someone to read it, too. Another pair of eyes can help you spot mistakes before editing and proofreading. Consult a trusted source for suggestions on how to polish your introduction further. The introduction has plenty riding on it. A strong opening will engage your readers and get them about your ideas from the beginning. Take advantage of these tips to make your introduction more striking, engaging, and compelling. If you need help with your writing, give a call. We specialize in writing and editing essays, speeches, and reports to help you handle a heavy workload. Our team of professional writers, editors, and proofreaders are ready and willing to provide you with high-quality papers written to academic standards. Give us a

Investigation of financial conservatism in the United Kingdom and Dissertation

Investigation of financial conservatism in the United Kingdom and China - Dissertation Example The financial data from selected conservative firms is analyzed empirically to prove the hypothesis that economic and financial crises and the structure of financial policies based upon conservative idioms are mutually inclusive. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Background of the Study 5 1.1.1 The United Kingdom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....6 1.1.2 China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 1.2 Conservative Financial Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 1.2.1 Pecking Order Theory 13 1.2.1 Agency Theor y vs. Stewardship 13 1.3 Financial Distress Theory 15 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 17 2.1 Economic Theory 17 2.2 Empirical 20 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Theoretical Framework 21 3.2 Hypothesis 22 3.3Method 23 3.4Data Sample 23 3.5Results 26 3.6 Interpretation of Results 28 CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....30 APPENDICES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦33 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION In considering the business world, it is worth noting that its environment of microeconomic activities lies within an unvarying state of transformation. This means therefore that the p articular indicators which served as tremendous financial assessment tools in a previous study can bear different meanings thereafter, hence many factors die and are born so as to maintain limits of time variations (Ahmed, A. S., B. K. Billings, R. M. Morton, and M., 2009). According to Easterby-Smith, an agency faces challenges in ; organizing and coordinating staffs, addressing diverse and unforeseen problems in ways that assure the continuity of any course of action, manoeuvring successfully between cultural, financial, and technical impediments, and lastly recovering an organization from fragments (Mark Easterby-Smith,2012).Financial distress is the reality that agencies cannot accomplish these achievements but rather struggle to meet financial obligations in a timely manner. Prospective macroeconomic productivity cannot take into account the unexpected determinants such as supply and demand or environment, all of which give a represent the highs and lows of life itself. The var iables provide a distinct outline that can be used in comparing the actual from the prospective (Balkrishna, H., Coulton, J.J. and Taylor, S.L., 2007). For this reason, financially conservative agencies tend to hold more cash reserves and minimize leverage. Today, interpretations of Finance and Accounting that are used to make important decisions are based upon different philosophies of macroeconomic applications. For the purposes of this study, applications of the theories of Financial Conservatism and Financial Distress used in Business Finance are analyzed for firms in the United Kingdom (UK) and in China. The empirical analysis consists of the financials of 100 companies from the fiscal years 2007 and 2009 (Ball, R., Bushman, R.M., and Vasvari, F.P., 2008a). 1.1 Background of the Study A universal principle of Business is to minimize possible risk and loss. Agencies adopt different structures based on personal beliefs and

Graduate Reflection paper 6(a,b,c,d,e,f) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Graduate Reflection paper 6(a,b,c,d,e,f) - Essay Example Central to a leaders continued ethical behavior is their willingness to a continue their own professional development. The process of professional development can take many forms, including online classes and/or seminars, face to face classes, seminars, workshops and more. However, professional development will also include continued reading, research and education, to make sure that he leader stays current on policies, procedures and new opportunities for client care. Professional development means that a leader hones any professional skills that are needed to keep them fresh and open to new ideas. When a leader continues their professional development, they are able to assist employees who want to develop their careers. They also bring fresh ideas to meetings and provide innovative ideas at the right time to allow the organization to grow. In my situation, my continued professional development has allowed me to make better ethical decisions about how patients and families should be treated. I work for a religious nonprofit organization that has the same values that I have so my ethical behavior is easy to articulate. Because my ethical beliefs and my religion are similar to the organizations, I can more freely make decisions about how to handle employees, patients and their families that automatically fall in line with the organizations values and religious beliefs. Professional development in an organization must start with an understanding of its goals and objectives and with the leaders understanding of the vision statement. Luc (2009) suggests that a vision statement: When comparing this information to ethical professional development, it occurred to me that the vision statement is important to the organization to set the foundation for leaders to begin their understanding of why they need to continue their professional development. The reason for this is that the vision

Traditional versus Modern Essay Example for Free

Traditional versus Modern Essay Moral philosophy or ethics is about the individual’s concept or system of right and wrong behavior which becomes his foundation or basis of moral judgment and decisions. Two kinds of ethics which differs in moral judgment are traditional and modern ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional ethics emerge from the religious beliefs of what is morally right and wrong plus some concepts from the early philosophers such as Aristotle, Kant, Mill, Moore, Hume, and many others. The philosophers explained virtues and truths according to what is good and bad. Moreover, the birth and domination of Christianity, the law or concept of ethics (divine law) was about what â€Å"is† right or wrong doings (murder, theft, etc). However, some philosophers like Sidgwick constructed a system according to intention of the individual. Modern ethics is more of the â€Å"reason† or â€Å"motive† of the doer whether it is for the good of many people or for just a few ones that pushed him to do the said unjust behavior. That is why there is a term today as â€Å"legally wrong, but morally right†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional and modern ethics should not be necessarily considered as different ideas and beliefs that are contrasting each other. Modified traditional ethics can be considered as modern ethics since most of the morals today came from religious beliefs and early philosophies as respected by almost all cultures (specifically the Ten Commandments). Traditional ethics greatly affected our foundation of what is right and wrong or responsibility, which also became the basis of our cultural norms. But, as time passes by, people started to look closer to the different sides of the story that makes us consider the reasons or intentions behind an action that we later decide whether it is wrong or right. For example, when person steal a medicine for his dying mother because he has no enough money to buy it for her, in term of traditional ethics, the person committed a crime. But in terms of modern ethics, he is morally not guilty since he did it to save his mother’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion and theology became the foundations of traditional ethics of responsibility and helped it its developments. Modern ethics became more independent from religious views but is still greatly influenced by traditional beliefs as cultural norms were adapted from it which helps a person’s system of judgment. References Moore-Bruder. (2006). Moral and Political Philosophy. Philosophy: The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition.   The McGraw-Hill Companies.   [Electronic Version

The Non-Jewish Individual Essay -- Jewish History, Kafka

The Non-Jewish Individual Jewish history is a study of a people in exile. Since the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, the experience of the Jewish individual in relation to non-Jewish society has often been that of an outsider looking in. In addition, the distinct Jewish culture, religion, and philosophy identifiably marked the Jews as a separate people. Although this demarcation exposed the Jews to many negative ideological trends, Isaac Deutscher’s â€Å"The Non-Jewish Jew† argues that this marginalization enabled the great thinkers of the 19th and 20th centuries to revolutionize the European continent. As the title suggests, the non-Jewish Jews were individuals that abandoned Judaism. Deutscher argues that the historical exclusion imbued Jewish people with the innate perspective of the external critic. When the individuals liberated themselves from the ideological shackles of Judaism this now double marginalization provided the perspective of the extreme outsider. Once freed from both the restrictions of Jewish and Christian ideology they were then able to reinterpret society and develop the theories that would revolutionize the world. Deutscher asserts that the famous non-Jewish Jews such as Spinoza, Heine, Marx, and others were representatives of this perspective. In essence, their independence from society enabled them to criticize and fundamentally change the ideological landscape of Europe in ways that other thinkers bound by Christian or Jewish ideology could not. However, with an analysis of Deutscher’s argument through Franz Kafka’s â€Å"A Report to an Academy† it becomes clear that his â€Å"Non-Jewish Jews† were not only dependent upon society, but also more importantly they were not actually Jewish. Initially, Kakfa’s â€Å"... ...by the subjects of Deutscher’s â€Å"The Non-Jewish Jew† are reflected and exhibited in Deutscher’s work. His assertion that Jews have a special ability to critically analyze society because of their historical isolation supports the same race based ideology that the historical figures worked against. Additionally, the association of Marx, Heine, and the others to this racially decided independence from society fails to acknowledge their deep connection to their non-Jewish culture. Therefore, through an analysis of Deutscher’s work through the context of Kafka’s â€Å"A Report to an Academy† it becomes apparent that Deutscher undermines his argument by failing to appropriately state the relevance of the historical figures connection to society and most importantly, by allowing racial inflections to manipulate his perspective of his subject revolutionary individuals.

Balancing Penn Foster Sudies Essay

This process analysis essay is going to go through examples and talk about different ways to work around your life demands. At the same time of living your life with all the demands life hands you. Also being able to accomplish your goals for your career you are working towards. Balancing your life with your school studies. Balancing school and your life can be difficult. So to start off I’m going to give some examples of different strategies to try to accomplish your goals. First of all you could write out a schedule. Second examples of when your work is here it can sometimes get in the way of your school work, But as soon as you’re done with work then you have family. So if you spend time with the family then you’ll be able to do school work. Or you could do your school work around the time the kids take their naps or when they are playing or watching cartoons. So there are ways you can do your school work you have to stay focused. To balance school with work is it depends on your schedule where if you had time to work on it before you go to work or after you off work. Well to top it off if you were a single parents not working at the time and you were just going to school then you would be able to get a lot accomplished. Well your family is very important and you got spend time with them and make sure everything is organized. And life will be great when everything is in order. And if you weren’t working you could get your kids to do stuff like there homework and be able to do your work at the same time. Also, if I had to show what I do during the day it would be getting up in the morning. Second, would get ready for the day. If your child had day care or school you could take them over there for a couple of hours even though you didn’t have to work but you go to school online you would be able to get things accomplished while they were gone. And still be able to accomplish the demands of your family. So in conclusion, to sum everything up would to statagies your life and be able to get your demands in life in order as well as keeping up with your studies. So as long as you stay on task you will be able to do everything that you need to do to stay organized.

Basic Psychological Problems: Importance of Mental Health Essay

Importance of Mental Health If you want to develop into a healthy individual, it is very important to have a good mental health. Mental health can be broadly defined as a psychological state of well-being, characterized by continuing personal growth, a sense of purpose in life, self-acceptance, and positive relations with others. In short, it is our attitude towards life and our psychological, environmental, genetic, or physiological factors that has a profound effect on our overall mental development. Some Factors Influencing Mental Health Ones mental health has a huge impact on every aspect of life. A person with a good mental health is always appreciative of achievements and readily accepts his shortcomings. On the other hand, if one does not have a good mental health it can lead to feelings of inferiority. Such a person devalues his own self, forming a negative image of his body. He can harbor intense feelings of self-hate, anger, disgust, and uselessness. Such feelings can transform into extreme depression, psychosocial disorders, or eating disorders – many of which we will discuss further in the series. Mental health also effects education. Good mental health assures an all-round educational experience that enhances social and intellectual skills leading to self-confidence and better grades. People who lack good mental health generally tend to isolate themselves developing anxiety disorders and concentration problems. Relationships are also affected by ones mental health because the functioning of relationships is based on it. If one is not mentally healthy, his interactions with family, friends, and colleagues may not be positively oriented. They will find it difficult to nurture relationships and face problems with commitment or intimacy, frequently also encountering sexual health issues. People with good mental health have a good sleep during the night. This is so because they are generally devoid of stress and anxiety. A mentally healthy individual can effectively cope with stress and anxiety. A bad mental health can lead to sleep disturbances causing insomnia. This in turn leaves one exhausted, and reduces efficiency levels. The effect of mental health can also be directly seen on physical health. Stress generally can lead to hypertension and this in turn can lead to many other disorders. How to Be Mentally Healthy It is important that we make a conscious effort to improve and maintain our mental health. Here are some points, which will help you in achieving a good mental health. * Develop within you adequate feelings of security.

Describe the Role of Situational and Dispositional Factors in Explaining Behavior Essays

Describe the Role of Situational and Dispositional Factors in Explaining Behavior Essays Describe the Role of Situational and Dispositional Factors in Explaining Behavior Paper Describe the Role of Situational and Dispositional Factors in Explaining Behavior Paper Describe the Role of Situational and Dispositional Factors in Explaining Behavior Sophie Landesmann The roles of situational and dispositional factors both play an important role in behavior. A significant term that one has to take in account is attribution, which is how people interpret and explain casual relationships in the social world. Humans have the need to know why things actually happen. Situational factors have something to do with external factors. When people speak about their own personal behavior they tend to attribute it to situational factors. Dispositional factors on the other hand have something to do with internal factors. When people observe the way other ones behave, they tend to ascribe it to dispositional factors. People use dispositional factors all the time for example, when a person is waiting for someone to meet them and they don’t arrive on time they think about different reasons why the person could be late and the behavior could be attributed to dispositional factors. The Theory of Attribution argues that people are more likely to explain a person’s actions by pointing to dispositional factors, rather than to the actual situation. When people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in a person’s behavior and underestimate the situational factors it is called the fundamental attribution error. People gather information by observing others, which can often lead to making unreasonable conclusions. For example, after watching several movies with Tom Cruise one might think that he is a hero and not afraid of anything, which would be dispositional, and not to the fact that he is only playing a role in these movies, which would be situational. Psychologists often wonder why people make unreasonable conclusions like this and argue that it is, because people tend to think of themselves as adaptable and ever-changing human beings. When people look at others, they are not able to make a balanced decision, since they don’t have enough information about them so they attribute behavior to disposition. When thinking of the behavior that they themselves have, they tend to think that they would have acted another way under different conditions. A research study was made by Lee et al. in 1977, and her aim was to see if student participants would make the fundamental attribution error when they knew that all the actors were simply playing a role. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three different roles: a game show host, contestants on the game show, or members of the audience. The observers were asked to rank the intelligence of the people who had take part. They ranked the game show host as the most intelligent, even though the person had written the questions and was randomly assigned to this position. There are concerns about this experiment, one of which being that student samples are not representative of the greater population, and therefore it is questionable where the findings can be generalized.

Write a Case Study - its easy!

Write a Case Study - its easy! How to write Case Study correctly Review of a problem or situation in real life, in which the author analyzes the main problems. In this case, all facts should refer to scientific literature or research results on this topic. In the end, you draw conclusions about why the situation arose, and how to find the way out. The definition of a case study is the following: it is a method of applying theoretical knowledge to real life situations that you can face at any time. Such a study gives the student much useful. He: 1. Trains in using theoretical knowledge in practice; 2. Learns to analyze problems in a real life situation; 3. Draws conclusions about how the knowledge gained in the course of academic research will help him to properly respond to the situation. There are many types of case studies: 1. Illustrative; 2. Exploratory; 3. Critical instance; 4. Program implementation; 5. Program effects; 6. Prospective; 7. Cumulative; 8. Narrative; 9. Medical; 10. Embedded. Let us consider in more detail the four most popular types of the case study. Illustrative study. This is a description of one or two cases from real life. They allow the reader to get acquainted with the concept and give a general idea of the solution of the problem in a particular case. Cumulative case study. Several cases are considered here. The main purpose of the author is to draw up generalized conclusions. Narrative studies. The situation is seen as an artistic story and is written by a third person. There are characters and a plot. Critical Instance. One or more cases are used here. Then an assumption is made, which is criticized by the author of the study. This kind of case study is very popular for the analysis of situations of causes and effects. Structure of writing a response to a particular case Before you start writing a response to a case study, read it carefully first. It's best if you do it two or three times. In doing so, pay special attention to the main problems and a group of people who are interested in solving the situation. The answer to the case study has its own structure. It includes four parts: 1. Introduction; 2. Description; 3. Discussion; 4. Conclusions and recommendations. Now consider each part in more detail. Introduction Your goal is to briefly describe the life situation and describe the problem to be solved. Description Create a more detailed description of the problem. Proceed from the fact that the reader does not have any knowledge at all in this field. This means that you need to give exhaustive information about the situation before proceeding to its discussion. Discussion This part of your essay is a list of pre-prepared questions, as well as answers to them. The answers should be based on information from the scientific literature. The "Discussion" block can include such questions (and subsequent answers to them): 1. What is the problem and what are the consequences for all involved persons?; 2. How can information in the scientific literature help in solving this problem?; 3. What are the ways to solve the problem? 4. How can you evaluate ideas and solutions to this problem for a specific case? When you give arguments in favor of solving the problem, refer to specific sources of literature. Also, you can use the quotes of scientists entirely. Every answer must necessarily have a reference to academic work. Conclusions and recommendations Now you need to write a conclusion. Here you describe the conclusions you came to, and also give recommendations for solving this problem. You should make your own recommendations that reflect your point of view. The correct approach to writing the answer In order to correctly approach the writing of a response to a case study, first answer a number of questions: 1. Is the research topic really atypical and requiring detailed analysis? 2. Is the case really important? 3. Is there an opposite point of view on the solution to this problem? If so, what arguments can you give in favor of your opinion?

Four functions of management case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Four functions of management - Case Study Example The management skills, which accrue to a business’s success that you did not put into consideration, include controlling, planning, organizing, and directing skills that accrue to a successful business. According to your business statistics, you employed Lisa and entrusted her with all the business operations. Irrespective of you two being friends for a long time, you should not have trusted her with all the directive orders. She would report to work, wash the office and tidy up then start her daily chores. This was a lot for her and what she had not expected. She had to check all the tax forms and serve all the customers. For a business to be successful and achieve the goals and objectives, it should ensure a proper channel of communication between the workers (Richman 2012). Lisa had confidence that she was doing the right thing even after adding the three new employees. You should have controlled all of them since you are the senior manager. You should have given your orders to the employees in case of any changes, which should have been directly, or indirectly through According to Directive Path Theory, a business leader should give freedom to his/his employees for them to realize their job expectations. In reference to the theory, your management should do a follow up on employees’ tasks to ensure that they achieve the required job standards and set goals. Remarkably, members of the management are required to involve the subordinate staff in the process of making strategic decisions. You should have involved your employees in decision-making processes that would have helped produce effective workplace union. Employees can also motivated by awarding them accordingly after excellent progress in their work. Awards can be through issuing of presents and souvenir just as you did in your case. Additionally, you did not put your supervisions skills into consideration hence led to your employees taking advantage of the situation. As for Lisa’s

Husserl's theory of Phenomenology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Husserl's theory of Phenomenology - Essay Example Philosopher Edmund Husserl proposed a vision of phenomenology that would increasingly allow philosophers and psychologists a means of investigating the vagaries of human conscious experience. While Husserl was the first philosopher to heighten phenomenology to an entire philosophical school of thought, subsequent thinkers would expand and change Husserl’s concepts. Throughout the 20th century two major forms of phenomenology emerged – Husserl’s theory of phenomenology and the existential theory of phenomenology. This essay compares and contrasts these divergent perspectives. There are a variety of differing features of Husserl’s theory of phenomenology and the existential version. In both instances, however, there is the similar recognition that phenomenological investigation considers internal aspects of human consciousness (Sokolowski, p. 159). Both perspectives on phenomenology worked to investigate aspects of human consciousness through bracketing techniques (Sokolowski, p. 159). In this way, the human senses’ perceived the external world was a major investigative trope. Both schools of thought recognized that the human senses only constituted a partial reflection of actual reality. Subsequently, phenomenology implemented the ‘epoche’ method of investigation where a particular aspect of sensory experience was bracketed and investigated. While the overarching mode of analysis is similar among both Husserl’s perspective the existential perspective on phenomenology, differences emerge in terms of the specifics. One of the primary differences between these perspectives is the objects they believe can be the object of phenomenological analysis. Existential phenomenology believed that phenomenology could only investigate actual objects from the external world. This perspective is contrasted with Husserl’s phenomenology that argues analysis also involved concepts such as freedom or justice. Ziemba indicates, â€Å"Husserl

Block's analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Block's analysis - Essay Example Instead, as the service sector has come to contribute a large part of the global income, it has become important for organizations to choose the right structure and approach that can create the perfect working atmosphere for its employees. Most organizations that exist in the world today are yet to recognize the importance of organizational behavior and remain attached to a culture that centers over control and authority. Even with the increased emphasis on improving relationships, developing inter personal skills and communicative strengths, institutions still tend to rely on focusing their resources towards devising better and efficient strategies, control structures and technology that continue to be perceived as the visible parameters for organizational success. However, businesses fail to understand that the present working demands an approach that is rational and need not be tangible and measurable. Issues concerning standards, practices, rewards, empowerment and training are issues that assume greater significance in the new age of consulting that needs further enhancements and newer approaches as it is still nascent in terms of evolutionary analyses. In the present case, it seems that employees (consultees) have been asked to fill out a survey that is perceived as potentially exacerbating material by the top management in the company. as the name suggests, The role of the coordinator for Staff Development in the current scenario is to improve the professional and personal capabilities and efficiency of the employees. However, problems can arise when the role of a consultant is limited to a mere effort that involves analyzing the current situation and suggest a few recommendations that are believed to provide better results. Instead, employees expect to see action whenever any such attempts are made. When surveys aimed at finding out possible inefficiencies are too specific by virtue of concentrating on minute areas of detail, workers need to use extra effort and thought to fill them out. In many such instances, they are probably the best bet when it comes to highlighting very specific issues that exist within their work domains. Having made such an effort, respondents expect someone to pursue it responsibly and take the necessary action. When they begin to sense that nothing has been done to look into their issues, a general sense of distrust and distaste begins to develop. A staff coordinator is also responsible for ensuring transparency at all levels within the organization and ensuring that the management participates in the requisite roles with complete dedication. It is also expected that deliberate displays of power, authority and expertise are done away with in such scenarios. However, as is evident in most organizations today, differences crop up at all levels within a company. For instance, departments sometimes find it difficult to coordinate a task that requires collaboration between several such entities usually involving a distortion of communication and lack of understanding of the role of people in the other departments thereby leading to mutual criticism and lack of respect. In such cases, animosity develops between departments, which may surface

Kraft Foods Entrance Into China Marketing Essay

Kraft Foods Entrance Into China Marketing Essay The paper that we write is about Kraft Foods which entered the Chinese market. At present, Kraft Foods is the worlds second largest food company, as far as we know, the worlds largest food company is Nestle company. However, we do believe that Kraft Foods Company has its particular advantages, for example, it has outstanding achievements in its operating management, personnel training and so on. In the near future, we think it will go beyond itself, realize new breakthrough, so we chose Kraft Foods at last. About this paper, we mainly focus on Kraft Foods history, the reason why it entered Chinese market, and the condition of organization and management in Chinese market. At beginning, the paper was made up of six parts: they are executive summary, conclusion and section one to four. Then, we divided every Section into several parts; everyone has her or his own duties. Now, the allocation of every members task is as followings. Firstly, Veras task are the second question of section 3, the forth and eighth questions of section 4. Secondly, Janes tasks are the first and third question of section 3, the sixth question of section 4, and she is responsible for the summary and clearing up as well. Thirdly, Naomis tasks are the three questions of section 2, and the fifth question of section 4, catalogue and conclusion. Fourthly, Shelias tasks are the three questions of section 2, the seventh question of section 4, catalogue and conclusion as well. At last, Alfreds tasks are section 1 and the first three questions of section 4. We distributed equally according to the difficulty of the problems and the field who is good at. We have ordered the question accordi ng to the catalogue. In the paper, we introduce the history of the company firstly, because the history is the procedure of the development of the company. we can understand the companys culture and history that in turn will help us understand why they decided to expand internationally, and specifically into China so that we can judge the wisdom of that decision. This judgment will be an important part of the Conclusion. In addition, we write the reason why Kraft Foods entered the Chinese market; we take the Chinese market as example, specifically represent the model of their operating management and achievements. Besides, the form and organizational structure Kraft Foods Company came into China. Combine our learning with them to analyze the management of Kraft Foods. Finally, we put forward some reasonable suggestions. As all the efforts we have devoted to, we have further understanding of Krafts business and management. At the same time, with Kraft Foods as an example, we got the more practical comprehension. Section I: History of the Kraft Foods Company James Kraft is the founder of Kraft. He founded the company in 1903,Ms Irene Rosenfeld headed the Kraft Foods for more than 20 years .she help Kraft foods successfully listed in 2001.Altria announced the promotion of two executive Beth Howden and Dailuomeidi served as Co-chief CEO, she became Chief Executive Officer since June 2006,in March 2007,she became the chairman of Kraft Foods. (Kraft Foods Corporate Home http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/zh/home/index.aspx Oct 29, 2012) With the development of company, especially initiating the reforms and open policy, according to GDP, China is the second largest in the world. China cached up with Japan. According to figures released by the World Bank, in accordance with the PPP (purchasing power parity), China is the worlds second-evaluation of purchasing power. The world is about $ 55 trillion. China is probably more than one trillion U.S. dollars, accounted for about 9% of the worlds, and greatly increased the proportion of Chinas international economic. Chinas foreign exchange reserves have reached more than 14,000 billion, has accounted for one in the world. The rapid development of the economy, as the most populous nation of the world ¼Ã…’Kraft Foods will not pass the big market. (Kraft Foods Corporate Home http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/zh/home/index.aspx Oct 29, 2012) Since 1924, Kraft Foods to be listed on the stock market, from time to time during the acquisition of other companies, and extended to the food business. Kraft in 1982 and 1984 respectively into Taiwan and mainland China market, in 1988, and Altria group predecessor Philip Morris acquisition Kraft Foods, in 1989, Philip Morris will its General food and Kraft merge for Kraft General Foods. In 2000, Philip Morris acquired Nano Beth and then merge it into Kraft. In July 2007 by acquiring rival Danone, Kraft starts its biscuit business. Kraft encourage the expansion into china. Before the worlds second-largest food group Kraft Global Board concluded in Beijing. Despite the growing number of multinational global board of directors moved to China, for Kraft, this is the first time. Since 2002, the global business restructuring Kraft yogurt sold to milk ternary .the name of Kraft in China is not so loud, it makes Kraft some grievances. in fact, Krafts biscuit business sit tight the first. T ANG- the Guozhen solid instant drinks and Maxwell House coffee were also occupy the first, second market share in their respective fields. Kraft was on the rise in the global downsizing while on the high-speed development of the investment in developing countries, China has become one of the five countries of the Kraft focused investment, and the Chinese people to re-recognize Kraft become increasingly important (Kraft Foods Corporate Home http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/zh/home/index.aspx Oct 29, 2012) In 1982, General Foods and Unity to set up a joint venture company in Taiwan, Kraft Foods locate in china in Beijing in 1984, in 1996, and Nabisco biscuit completed the factory in Beijing and Suzhou. So far, Krafts investment in China is more than $ 200 million. In early 2006, Kraft Australia factory production migrated to Suzhou, in 2000, Nabisco acquisition of United Biscuits biscuit business in the Greater China region, in the same year Kraft acquired Nabisco. In 2001, Kraft sold Beijing Kraft dairy business. In 2005, Kraft began building a new biscuit factory in Beijing. In 2006, Kraft will integrate all the entities in China to Kraft Foods. (Kraft Foods Corporate Home http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/zh/home/index.aspx Oct 29, 2012) Section II: Why Kraft Foods Company came to China? Kraft Foods came to China in 1984. Now, the company has 4,000 employees in China approximately, and its products cover 4 consumer goods sectors: biscuits, coffee, powdered beverages and confectionary. The company has set up offices in 250 cities across China and 8 manufacturing facilities in Beijing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on. Kraft Foods Corporate Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd is the headquarters of Kraft Foods in China. (Expanding Market in China: Kraft Foods Commissions New Production Line in Suzhou http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 10-30-2012) Obviously, Kraft Foods Company expanded elsewhere. October 1, 2012, MondelÄâ€Å"z international launched the worlds top snack food brand of former Kraft food with 10 million people around the world. Kraft Foods is the worlds second largest food company, doing business in 145 countries around the world, one of the subsidiaries of MondelÄâ€Å"z International Company. It is one of the most outstanding makers of coffee, chocolate, gum, biscuits and candy in the world. The company has its main branches in North America, China and Canada. The company already has around 100,000 MondelÄâ€Å"z International employees across more than 80 countries and areas. Kraft has become the giants of the food industry, and its affiliates are around the world. Though MondelÄâ€Å"z International is new, the companys brands are as diversified and rich with heritage as the 170 countries in which its products appear on the market (Kraft foods Company http://www.mondelezinternational.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/mondelez_intl_fact_sheet.pdf 28 October 2012 ) The Kraft focuses on improving its growth to expand the Companys global scale, the Company is expanding its marketing now, also they growing markets and making infrastructure investments larger, such as the markets like China, Brazil, Mexico, Russia and so on. (United States Securities and Exchange Commission http://www.mondelezinternational.com/assets/pdf/KraftAR04_10K.pdf 10-30-2012) In addition, they consider differences in governments. The U.S. government has an open attitude and policy about export. The company is no longer a simple export the brand of the United States around the world, but expects them to automatically do well. Kraft priority to China as the most important countries in its developing markets division. They have taken into account the differences in the Chinese government and the Chinese market and will use the advantage of the Chinese market. It has invested distribution, research and development, marketing Oreo, Tang orange drink, its best-selling item, and its dozens of brands of disproportionate resources. Their company official said that they believe that the Chinese market is to teach us how to focus and how to distinguish and how innovation. The official also said that they will continue to do their utmost to provide safe, delicious, high-quality products for Chinese consumers with a variety of methods, expanding the scale of productio n, increased R D investment intensity, open up new markets, and so on. (Kraft food Company http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 28 October 2012) At the same time, they consider differences in business practices and customs. China is one of the top 10 markets in terms of development priority for Kraft Food. Many famous brands of Kraft Foods, such as Oreo, Chips Ahoy, and Uguan, have become the favorites of Chinese customers. said Lorna Davis, and she told us that they will continue to make their best efforts to provide safe, delicious and high quality products to Chinese consumers with a variety of approaches, their goal is expands production scale and develops new markets, because China is a big market. When Kraft firstly came to China, their products sold not very well. Because that it different between Chinese and foreigners tastes. The Chinese people can not stand the sweetness of the products. Then Kraft changed the sales strategy. (Expanding Market in China: Kraft Foods Commissions New Production Line in Suzhou http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 10-29-2012) At last, there are same personal differences within the company in deciding that China was a good market for them. Shawn Warren is the president of Kraft Foods China. Due to the sale trouble in 2005, he proposed to launch a combination of local tastes Oreo cookies. Shawn Warren said, Consumers in China said they hope to get a little taste of the stimulus as well. Therefore, that is what we want to hear. He advocates should seize the opportunity, improved the taste of the food, according to the tastes of Chinese consumers to take full advantage of the Chinese market. By clicking on Krafts distribution network in Chinas cities, the number of Cadbury candy sales will rise to about 40. Lorna Davis, president and chairman of the board of Krafts business in China in an interview with reporters, Reuters reporters said on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum. Chinas economic situation has been changing annually, the real challenge is how to choose the right opportunity Davis said. If I had unlimited resources and unlimited people, I will take with Kraft, but now the focus is in the integration of Cadbury biscuits and expanding our product line. She advocated a long-term view point, and not just confined to the Chinese market. (Kraft Foods China pushes for local flavors in Oreos http://www.china.org.cn/learning_english/2012-06/08/content_25597524.htm October 28, 2012) Section III: The Form Kraft Foods Company Came into China Kraft Foods chooses the form of expanding to come into China. Kraft Foods expand a brand in China, and up to now, it has several brands not only in china but also some Asian countries. Traces back to its history, Kraft Foods started to sell the products in China in 1984. At present, there has been have 4 consumer goods sectors in the field of foods; they are confectionary, biscuits, coffee, and powdered beverages, each of them is popular in China. The headquarters of Kraft Foods in China is Kraft Foods Corporate Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The company has set up 250 offices and 8 manufacturing facilities across China, the main brands are distributed in Beijing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Jiangmen. This measure makes people in china enjoy the nice snacks from America. (Expanding Market in China_ Kraft Foods Commissions New Production Line in Suzhou http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 10-30-2012) As the words said above, it is not the only option for Kraft to enter Chinese market. And it has other options. For example, they came into china by the form of acquisition. As Danone was in Chinese market, and when Kraft acquired Danone, the market in China which Danone had was belong to Kraft. (Expanding Market in China_ Kraft Foods Commissions New Production Line in Suzhouhttp://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 10-29-2012) You must have a doubt that why did they make the decision? China is one of the top 10 markets in Kraft Food in terms of development priority. There are many famous kinds of Kraft Foods, these products attract almost every Chinese. Such as Oreo, Chips Ahoy, and Uguan, many people think these are their favorite foods. Nowadays, Suzhou Industrial Park is preparing to welcome the Kraft foods coming. Because Kraft foods bring us energy and talents, promote employment and economic development. The most important is that they intend to take root germination in China and based on their sustainable development, they want to make use of their business philosophy to create win-win situations for the whole society. (Expanding Market in China_ Kraft Foods Commissions New Production Line in Suzhou http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/cn/en/mediacenter/kraftfoodschinanews/2011/20110704.aspx 10-30-2012) Section IV ¼Ã… ¡The Organization Structure Taken by Kraft Foods Company in Coming to China Strong corporate governance is essential, Our Board of Directors believes that effective corporate governance principles and practices, together with the companys Articles of Incorporation , By-laws , Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors and Corporate Governance Guidelines , provide a strong framework to assist them in upholding their fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders and promoting the long-term success of the company. (Corporate Governance http://www.mondelezinternational.com/Investor/corporate-governance/index.aspx Oct 30, 2012) When Health staff are working, they are full of enthusiasm, a successful business needs a healthy workforce, which is why we want to encourage our employees to have a healthy lifestyle, and every year our goal is to expand these efforts. Our staffs Lifestyle need to improve, they can do such as stress management, weight management and smoking cessation, and so on. (Wellness http://www.mondelezinternational.com/DeliciousWorld/workplaceandculture/wellness.aspx Oct 30, 2012) We may make it a priority to treat our people well, we can help them develop and give them a rewarding working life, Excel in their performance Develop skills for improvement Move towards their career goals By providing training and development programs, on-the-job learning, coaching and feedback, we could make sure that everyone who works with us has the resources they need to learn more and build their careers. The success depends on motivated and committed employees. We would need them to feel that they play a real part in helping our business meet its goals and have an understanding of what they are. We should have several different ways of measuring our employees level of engagement with the business and satisfaction with their working lives such as through constructive dialogue with our employee representative groups and employee survey. (Wellness http://www.mondelezinternational.com/DeliciousWorld/workplaceandculture/wellness.aspx Oct 30, 2012) The organizational structure of Kraft is matrix structure. Kraft has five global consumer sectors, which are Beverages, Cheese and Dairy, Snacks, Convenient Meals, and Grocery. Then in this structure, organization dimensions are also divided into three parts. First, in order to improve growth and global expansion, a brand new global marketing and category development group is being established. Second, for the sake of better severing local consumers and customers, the geographic-based commercial units is forming to strength the development county by country. Third, within our business system, our key functions will be responsible for promoting cost savings and accelerating effectiveness. (Kraft Foods Announces New Global Organizational Structure http://www.lexdon.com/article/kraft_foods_announces_new_global/56574.html 10-30-2012) There are other structure discussed in the chapter might allow Kraft to operate more effectively. The move to a product team will lead to greater effectiveness and efficiency. The dual reporting relationships that are at the heart of matrix structure have always difficult for managers and employees to deal with. Often, the functional boss and the product boss make conflicting demands on team members, who do not know which boss to satisfy first. The product team structure differs from a matrix structure in two ways. First, it does away with dual reporting relationship and tow-boss managers. Second, functional employees are permanently assigned to a cross-functional team that is empowered to bring a new or redesigned product to market. And it can avoid problems of two-way communication and the conflicting demands of functional and product team bosses. (Kraft Foods Announces New Global Organizational Structure http://www.lexdon.com/article/kraft_foods_announces_new_global/56574.html 10-30-2012) Then, there are three levels in the organizations hierarchy. And it is authority centralized. Irene B. Rosenfeld presides over one of the worlds biggest food companies, she has the supreme authority, so in my mind, it is authority centralized. Then, let me describe the span of control of the top manager and of middle or first-line managers. The CEO in Kraft Foods is Irene B. Rosenfeld. She presides over one of the worlds biggest food companies. Under the CEO, there are some Executive Vice Presidents and Presidents; they are responsible for each region and each field. Then, there are some teams leaders, their work are specific, what they need to do are concentrating on variety kind of production. (Management Team http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/eu/en/about/management_team/index.aspx Kraft foods Team leader profiles _ LinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/title/team-leader/at-kraft-foods) According to all the learning that we got, we think that the distribution of authority appropriate for the organization and its activities. Kraft produces food goods at refrigerated, dry and frozen Kraft plants third party manufacturers located across the country. From the plants to a network of upstream Kraft buffer facilities as storage overflow buffer located near the plant. The physical characteristics of these are similar products, so we can not say that it is very fragile or brittle, these goods should flow through the DSD channels, in order to reduce the losses caused by touch points on the network and product damage. (Direct Store Delivery Versus Centralized Distribution http://www.mwpvl.com/html/dsd__vs_central_distribution.html October 30, 2012) I think it is possible to flatten the hierarchy by decentralizing authority and empowering employees. Roger K. Deromedi is the Chief Executive Officer of  Kraft Foods. He announced a new global organizational structure to achieve a more solid positioning Kraft sustainable growth. Krafts management team is unmatched. Every member has a vision of a world-class leader in professional knowledge and broad perspective to help Kraft to achieve sustainable growth. said Betsy Holden, 48, has been named President, Global Marketing and Category Development, and will continue as a member of the Kraft Foods Board of Directors. Holden, co-CEO of Kraft Foods (Kraft Foods) and Kraft Foods North America President and CEO.Holdens group will fugle Krafts growth agenda by driving category development across countries with global category strategy, new product development platform and superior marketing. This new team will build on the success of Kraft Foods global categories Parliament by creating a g lobal classification team. Krafts business units based on geographic location will be divided into the North American commercial and international business, with directly responsible for the marketing and sales between countries, including profit and loss responsibility. At the local level, these organizations will promote the Kraft business; make full use of the category strategy, development platform development and global marketing cooperation with global marketing and category development group. (Kraft Foods Announces New Global Organizational Structure http://www.lexdon.com/article/kraft_foods_announces_new_global/56574.html 30 October 2012) The principal integrating mechanisms used in Kraft Foods Company and sufficient coordination among individuals and functions that they provide are followings. The Krafts final strategy is to act responsibly. As the Company strives for sustainable growth, it seeks business success in ways that honor ethical and legal standards and that respect people, communities and the natural environment. This strategy includes a commitment to strong compliance and integrity programs and sound corporate governance, as well as a number of health and wellness initiatives, such as enhanced nutrition labeling, the development and funding of community-based programs and voluntary limitations on advertising to younger children. It also includes taking steps to contribute to the sustainability of the Companys agricultural supply base through several programs with respected international and local partners. Through the Krafts years of the development process, we can see that Kraft has been continuously through the acquisition of local enterprises to expand its business in China, and this is Krafts business model in America. At the beginning, Kraft came to China, Kraft also did not think too much about the changes about demand for cross-cultural product development or local marketing decision. Completely copy American model approach also makes Kraft lose the Chinese market narrowly. Until 2005, Kraft realized the problem and began to reform, increase the Chinese capital market and the investment of human resource and so on. Then Kraft earns a success in China. (United States Securities and Exchange Commission http://www.mondelezinternational.com/assets/pdf/KraftAR04_10K.pdf 10-30-2012) Now that we have analyzed the way this organization is organized, we want to give Krafts managers to help them improve the way it operates. Matrix structures have been successfully used for years at high-tech companies where new product development takes place frequently and the need to innovate quickly is vital to the organizations survival. However, the dual reporting relationships of a matrix structure have always been difficult for managers and employees to deal with. So, it is better to improve the organizational structure to product team structure. The product team structure differs from a matrix in that: 1) it does away with dual reporting relationships and two-boss managers, and 2) functional employees are permanently assigned to a cross-functional team. It can help them gain a competitive advantage in fast-changing organizational environments. Conclusion: An Analysis of Kraft Foods Companys Entrance into China To conclude, Kraft Foods is the worlds second largest food company, doing business in 145 countries around the world, one of the subsidiaries of MondelÄâ€Å"z international. It employs more than 60,000 employees worldwide. Krafts core product line is for coffee, confectionery, dairy products and beverages. Krafts business is in more than 70 countries, its products sell in 150 countries worldwide. Kraft North America and Kraft International two units manage the market of the United States and Canada, as well as Europe and developing markets. As the end of December 2007, Warren Buffets Berkshire Hathaway holding 8.6% of Kraft stock, is a float institutional investors. So far, Krafts investment in China is more than $ 200 million. In early 2006, Kraft Australia factory production migrated to the factory in Suzhou. The Suzhou plant is one of the few food factories that Kraft first entered the Chinese investment in the construction. The production of Krafts biscuit brand Oreo, music , Wealthy, Taiping and grimace toot has become the fastest-growing source of income in China. In the North American market, Kraft has a lot of product improvements, and mark calorie content on the packaging, in order to concern about peoples waist. In China, even though most people do not realize this, Kraft has taken the lead in product packaging clear stated calorie content. So that consumers can clearly choose to control the amount of food. As we have researched the situations, we find some interesting problems that they encountered. Kraft Group as the worlds leading food companies, in recent years in China, with good operating performance and a remarkable position in the market, many of its products have been well known to consumers. However, as early as in 2005, Krafts sales in China are not satisfactory. In the beginning, Kraft came to China, Kraft also did not think too much about the changes about demand for cross-cultural product development or local marketing decision. Completely copy American model approach also makes Kraft lose the Chinese market narrowly. Until 2005, Kraft realized the problem and began to reform, increase the Chinese capital market and the investment of human resource and so on. So Kraft actively adjusted its marketing strategies in order to better adapt to the requirements of the competitive environment, Kraft eventually created the success in China market. Then Kraft earns a success in Chin a. I think the way they solve the problem is very scientific. Kraft made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹some adjustments to the company in accordance with the China market situation and the tastes of Chinese consumers. They seize the opportunities. So they achieved success. Of course, they also have insufficient. I think they can be more active innovation. They can release more flavors and varieties of biscuits to catch the consumers stomach. So Kraft can attract the attention of consumers and increase sales and market share. I believe Kraft do create a better future. Over the years, Kraft has always insists on the principle of related to food quality never concessions, which achieved a sales of over 300 billion U.S. dollars in the global top 500 enterprises. In order to ensure the food quality, Krafts new factory controls of physical, chemical, biological, three major sources of pollution tightly. Physical sources of pollution, the workshop all organic glass windows and stainless steel, metal, glass and hard plastic material to avoid entering the production line, all corner radian design to prevent dust left; plant cleaning are edible grade cleaner agents, equipment lubrication points with the product contact parts, use only food grade lubricants, to do so despite the high cost, but to avoid chemical pollutants entering the food; biological pollution control, Kraft raw flour define the amount of heat-resistant Bacillus, oven temperature curve have a special instrument verification, to ensure that the quality of food.  The Krafts strict quality control is also reflected in many details. Some consumers are allergic to peanuts, and in order to protect the health of these people, Kraft specifically arranged a dedicated production line. Kraft pays attention to product quality in order to open the door to success.